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Clitoris
Ali AH, Thabet SMA.
Reduction clitoro-labioplasty versus clitoro-labiectomy in managing adult onset clitoro-labiomegaly
. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2009;68:224-9.
Baskin LS.
Anatomical studies of the female genitalia: Surgical reconstructive implications
. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2004;17:581-7.
Caruso S, Rugolo S, Bandiera S, et als.
Clitoral blood flow changes after surgery for stress urinary incontinence: Pilot study on TVT versus TOT procedures
. Urology. 2007;70:554-7.
Creighton SM, Minto CL, Steele SJ.
Objective cosmetic and anatomical outcomes at adolescence of feminising surgery for ambiguous genitalia done in childhood
. Lancet. 2001;358:124-5.
Crouch NS, Liao LM, Woodhouse RJ, et als.
Sexual function and genital sensitivity following feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
. Journal of Urology. 2008;179:634-8.
A study of 24 women who underwent clitoral reduction or clitoridectomy.
Sandberg DE.
Review & Commentary
. Growth, Genetics & Hormones. 2008;24:52-3.
Strengths, weaknesses and relevance of findings discussed.
Dabernig J, Shelley OP, Schaff J.
The innervated free toe web flap for clitoris reconstruction
. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 2007;60:1352-5.
Foldes P, Buisson O.
The clitoral complex: A dynamic sonographic study
. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2009;6:1223-31.
Frost-Arner L, Aberg M, Jacobsson S.
Clitoral sensitivity after surgical correction in women with androgenital syndrome: A long term follow-up
. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery. 2003;37:356-9.
Goldstein AT,, Burrows LJ.
Surgical treatment of clitoral phimosis caused by lichen sclerosus
. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2007;196:126e1-e4.
Graves KL, Wilson EA, Greene JW Jr.
Surgical technique for clitoral reduction
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1982;59:758-61.
Jones HW Jr, Verkauf BS.
Surgical treatment in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1970;36:1-10.
Kaplan I.
A simple technic for shortening the clitoris without amputation
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1967;29:270-1.
Technical description only.
Lean WL, Hutson JM, Deshpande AV, et als.
Clitoroplasty: Past, present and future
. 2007;23:289-93.
Liu L, Fan J, Gan C, et als.
Staged reconstruction of the labia minora and reduction clitoroplasty for female pseudohermaphroditism
. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2010;34:652-6.
Merali HS, Gargollo PC, Diamond DA.
Treatment of clitoromegaly of culturally diverse patients
. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2009;5:292-6.
Murakami M, Akira S, Tsuboi N, et als.
Microscope-assisted reduction clitoroplasty used to treat two patients with clitoromegaly
. Journal of Nippon Medical School. 2010;77:35-9.
O'Connell HE, DeLancey JOL.
Clitoral anatomy in nulliparous, healthy, premenopausal volunteers using unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging
. Journal of Urology.2005;173:2060-3.
O'Connell HE, Sanjeevan KV, Hutson JM. Review article:
Anatomy of the clitoris
. Journal of Urology. 2005;174:1189-95.
Oyama IA, Steinberg AC, Holzberg AS, et als.
Reduction clitoroplasty: A technique for debulking the enlarged clitoris
. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2004;17:393-5.
Papageorgiou T, Hearns-Stokes R, Peppas D, et als.
Clitoroplasty with preservation of neurovascular pedicles
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000;96:821-3.
Pippi-Salle JL, Braga LP, Macedo N, et als.
Corporal sparing dismembered clitoroplasty: An alternative technique for feminizing genitoplasty
. Journal of Urology. 2007;178:1796-1801.
Puppo V. Review Article:
Anatomy of the clitoris: Revision and clarifications about the anatomical terms proposed (without scientific bases) by Helen O'Connell, Emmanuele Janini, and Odile Buisson
. ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011;Article ID 261464:1-5.
Roll M, Kneppo C, Bettendorf M, et als.
Feminising genitoplasty: One-stage genital reconstruction in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 30 years' experience
. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2006;16:329-33.
Sayer RA, Deutsch A, Hoffman MS.
Clitoroplasty
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007;110:523-5.
Shaw A.
Subcutaneous reduction clitoroplasty
. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1977;12:331-8.
Tagatz GE, Kopher RA, Nagel TC, et als.
The clitoral index: A bioassay of androgenic stimulation
. Obstetrics and Gynecology.1979;54:562-4.
Veale D, Daniels J.
Cosmetic clitoridectomy in a 33-year-old woman
. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2012;41:725-30.
Verkauf BS, von Thron J, O'Brien WF.
Clitoral size in normal women
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1992;80:41-4.
Yang J, Felsen D, Poppas DP.
Nerve sparing ventral clitoroplasty: Analysis of clitoral sensitivity and viability
. Journal of Urology. 2007;178:1598-1601.
Zimmer ET, Blazer S, Blumenfeld Z, et als.
Fetal transient clitoromegaly and transient hypertrophy of the labia minora in early and mid pregnancy
. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2012;31:409-15.
Cosmetic General
AAFPRS.
Smile, you're on Facebook
. Plastic Surgery Practice. 2013; February 25: online.
Survey of facial plastic surgeons' impressions of patients reliance on social media for cosmetic decision making.
Amadio J.
Medicine and society: Are cosmetic surgeons complicit in promoting suspect norms of beauty
? American Medical Association Journal of Ethics. 2010;12(5):401-5.
Anderson WR, Summerton DJ, Sharma DM, et als.
The urologist's guide to genital piercing
. BJU International. 2003;91:245-51.
Brumberg JJ. The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls. New York: Random House, 1997.
College of Physcians and Surgeons of British Colombia.
Circumcision (Infant Male)
. Professional Standards and Guidelines. September 2009.
Colson MH.
Que penser de la genitoplastie cosmetique feminine aujourd'hui
? Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite. 2012;40:445-8.
Crockett RJ, Pruzinsky T, Persing JA.
The influence of plastic surgery "reality TV" on cosmetic surgery patient expectations and decision making
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2007;120:316-24.
De Sousa A. Comment:
Concerns about aesthetic surgery
. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. 2007;4(4):171-3.
Farage MA, Lennon L, Ajayi F.
Products used on female genital mucosa
. Current Problems in Dermatology. 2011;40:90-100.
Haiken E. Venus Envy: A History of Cosmetic Surgery. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
Hansen K.
The history of American women and hair removal, 1914-1934
. Senior Thesis in American Studies, Barnard College, Columbia University. 2007, April 18.
Hill G, Silver AG.
Psychodynamic and esthetic motivations for plastic surgery
. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1950;12(6)345-55.
Laube DW.
Cosmetic therapies in obstetrics and gynecology practice: Time to put a toe in the water
? Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008;111:1034-6.
Letters
.112:703-5.
Loncarek K.
Asymptotic medicine
. Croatian Medical Journal. 2009;50:83-6.
Sheldon S, Wilkinson S.
Female genital mutilation and cosmetic surgery: Regulating non-therapeutic body modification
. Bioethics. 1998;12:263-85.
Legal and ethical weaknesses in arguments against FGM are explored thoroughly.
Sullivan DA. Cosmetic Surgery. The Cutting Edge of Commercial Medicine in America. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press, 2004.
Voracek M, Fisher ML.
Shapely centrefolds? Temporal changes in body measures: trend analysis
. British Medical Journal. 2002;325:1447-8. Talbot BE,et als.
Letters online
. 2002-2007.
World Health Organization.
Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability
. 2008.
Cosmetic Vaginal Surgery
ACOG Committee on Gynecologic Practice.
Vaginal "rejuvenation and cosmetic vaginal procedures
. American College of Obstetricans and Gynecologists Committee Opinion Number 378.2007; September.
Asali A, Khamaysi N, Aburabia Y, et als.
Ritual female genital surgery among Bedouin in Israel
. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1995;24:571-5.
Brisson P, Patel H, Feins N.
Female circumcision
. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001;36:1068-9.
Braun V.
Female genital cosmetic surgery: A critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates
. Journal of Women's Health. 2010;19:1393-1407.
Cartwright R, Cardozo L.
Cosmetic vulvovaginal surgery
. Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine. 2008;18(10):285-6.
Conroy RM. Editorial:
Female genital mutilation: Whose problem, whose solution
. British Medical Journal. 2006;333:106-7.
Argument
that those subjected to FGM view it positively, and that Western views are hypocritical in light of growing cosmetic vaginal procedures.
Deans R, Liao LM, Crouch NS, et als. Letter:
Why are women referred for female genital cosmetic surgery
? Medical Journal of Australia. 2011;18:195:99.
Dobbeleir JMLCL, Van Landuyt K, Monstrey SJ.
Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia
. Seminars in Plastic Surgery. 2011;25:130-141.
Dobson J.
Understanding female genital cosmetic surgery
. BMJ. 2012;345:e4819.
Essen B, Johnsdotter S. Commentary:
Female genital mutilation in the West: Traditional circumcision versus genital cosmetic surgery
. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004;83:611-3.
Fallani MG, Fambrini M, Lozza V, et als.
CO2 laser total superficial vulvectomy: An outpatient treatment for wide multifocal vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3
. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 2012;19:758-61.
Goodman MP, et als.
Is elective vulvar plastic surgery ever warranted, and what screening should be conducted preoperatively
? Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2007;4:269-76.
Goodman MP.
Female cosmetic genital surgery
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009;113:154-9. Parmer JB.
Letter
. 113:1175.
Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Benson RH III, et als.
A large multicenter outcome study of female genital plastic surgery
. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2010;7:1565-77.
Goodman MP.
Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: A review
. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2011;8:1813-25.
Iglesia CB. Guest editorial:
Cosmetic gynecology and the elusive quest for the perfect vagina
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012;119:1083-4.
Jirovsky E.
Views of women and men in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Fasso, on three forms of female genital modification
. Reproductive Health Matters. 2010;18(35):84-93.
Johnsdotter S, Essen B.
Genitals and ethnicity: The politics of genital modifications
. Reproductive Health Matters. 2010;18(35):29-37.
Kelly B, Foster C.
Should female genital cosmetic surgery and genital piercing be regarded ethically and legally as female genital mutilation
? British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2012;119:389-92.
Liao LM, Creighton SM.
Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: How should healthcare providers respond?
British Medical Journal. 2007;334:1090-2.
Labiaplasty increase in the British NHS from 400 to 800 procedures from 1998-2005, dramatized as a "doubling", and complications of non-cosmetic feminizing genitoplasty are used to frame cosmetic procedures in a negative light.
Berer M. Letter:
Cosmetic genitoplasty: It's female genital mutilation and should be prosecuted
. 2007;334:1335.
Liao LM, Creighton SM. Editorial:
Female genital cosmetic surgery: A new dilemma for GPs
. British Journal of General Practice. 2011;61:7-8.
Argument that women requesting labialplasty suffer from psychosocial issues, baseless speculation that labiaplasty will produce obstetrical perineal damage, reissue of unrelated feminizing genitoplasty complications, feministic tone.
Farmer L.
Letter
. 61:293.
Invokes diatribe equating cosmetic procedures with FGM, channels some of Conroy RM editorial.
Liao LM, Taghinejadi N, Creighton SM.
An analysis of the content and clinical implications of online advertisements for female genital cosmetic surgery
. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e001908.
Lloyd J, et als.
Female genital appearance: 'Normality' unfolds
. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004;112:643-6.
A 50-patient study of clitoral, labial and vaginal dimensions.
Mahran MA, Leather A. Letter:
Exploring the psychosexual drive, before genital cosmetic surgery
. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2011;158:369-70.
Marchitelli CE, Sluga MC, Perrotta M, et al.
Initial experience in a vulvovaginal aesthetic surgery unit within a general gynecology department
. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 2010;14:295-300.
McPencow A, Guess MK. Guest editorial:
Giving female genital cosmetic surgery a facelift
. Maturitas. 2012;71:313-4.
Mirzabeigi MN, Jandali S, Mettel RK, et als. Letter:
The nomenclature of "vaginal rejuvenation" and elective vulvovaginal plastic surgery
. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2011;31:723-4.
O'Connell HE, Elzenberg N, Rahman M, et als.
The anatomy of the distal vagina: Towards unity
. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2008;5:1883-91.
Ostrzenski A.
Cosmetic gynecology in the view of evidence-based medicine and ACOG recommendations: A review
. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2011;284:617-30.
Pauls RN.
Nip, tuck and rejuvenate: The latest frontier for the gynecologic surgeon
. International Urogynecology Journal. 2007;18:841-2. Miklos JR, Moore RD.
Letter
. 2008;19:885-6.
Puppo V.
Anatomy and physiology of the clitoris, vestibular bulbs and labia minora with a review of the female orgasm and the prevention of female sexual dysfunction
. Clinical Anatomy. 26:134-52.
Rao N, Aparajita, Sharma N.
Current trends in female genital cosmetic surgery
. Apollo Medicine 2012;9:219-23.
Saini R. Letter:
Female cosmetic genital surgery
. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery. 2011;4:155-6.
An anti-cosmetic rant by a dentist blurs the distinction between feminizing genitoplasty and cosmetic surgery to leverage the morbidity of reduction clitoroplasty as a complication of cosmetic surgery. Clitoral reduction, excising glans or shaft, is not a cosmetic vaginal procedure in the modern world. Clitoral hood reduction, resection of loose skin in the vicinity of the clitoral hood, is a component of some cosmetic labiaplasties.
Schick VR, Calabrese SK, Rima BN, et als.
Genital appearance dissatisfaction: Implications for women's genital image self-consciousness, sexual esteem, sexual satisfaction, and sexual risk
. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2010;34:394-404.
Tracy EE.
Elective vulvoplasty: A bandage that might hurt
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007;109:1179-80.
Tiefer L.
Activism on the medicalization of sex and female genital cosmetic surgery by the New View Campaign in the United States
. 2010;18(35):56-63.
Yazdani T. Editorial:
Cosmetic vaginal surgery: The role of the female pelvic surgeon
. Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. 2012;18:313-4.
A confused, overworked rant that fails to understand the essence of cosmetic surgery on various levels.
Yurteri-Kaplan, Antosh DD, Sokol AI, et als.
Interest in cosmetic vulvar surgery and perception of vulvar appearance
. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012;207:428.e1-7.
Hymenoplasty
Alexander A, Morrisseau PM, Leadbetter GW Jr.
Urethral-hymenal adhesions and recurrent post-coital cystitis: Treatment by hymenoplasty
. Journal of Urology. 1972;107:597-8.
Misleading title refers to hymenotomy for thick hymenal tags, not hymen reconstruction.
Karasahin KE, Alanbay I, Ercan CM, et als.
Comment on cerclage method for hymenoplasty
. Taiwan Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009;48:203.
Logmans A, Verhoeff A, Creighton F, et als.
Ethical dilemma: Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state
? BMJ. 1998;316:459-62.
Twenty hymenoplasties by two techniques briefly described yielded 20 "satisfied" short term, and 10 of 10 available "satisfied" long term.
O'Connor M.
Reconstructing the hymen: Mutilation or restoration
? Journal of Law and Medicine. 2008;16(1):161-75.
Ou MC, Lin CC, Pang CC, et als.
A cerclage method for hymenoplasty
. Taiwan Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008;47:355-6.
Prakash V.
Hymenoplasty - How to do
. Indian Journal of Surgery. 221-3.
Raveenthiran V.
Surgery of the hymen: From myth to modernization
. Indian Journal of Surgery. 2009;71:224-6.
van Moorst BR, van Lunsen RHW, van Dijken DKE, et als.
Backgrounds of women applying for hymen reconstruction, the effects of counseling on myths and misunderstandings about virginity, and the results of hymen reconstruction
. The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2012;17:93-105.
The "Paris technique" done 14 days before coitus had a high failure rate (no bleeding).
Labiaplasty
Aleem S, Adams EJ.
Labiaplasty
. Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine. 2011;22(2):50-3.
Alter GJ.
A new technique for aesthetic labia minora reduction
. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1998;40:287-90.
Report of 4 cases by wedge technique without complications, erroneously claiming priority for the method reported by MR Laufer in 1995.
Alter GJ.
Aesthetic labia minora and clitoral hood reduction using extended central wedge resection
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008;122:1780-9.
A 407-patient study of the wedge technique.
Hamori CA.
Letter
. 2008;124:337-8.
Alter GJ.
Labia minora reconstruction using clitoral hood flaps, wedge excisions, and YV advancement flaps
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2011;127:2356-63.
A 17-patient study of clitoral hood revision.
Bastidas SB.
Hipertrofia de labios menores: Informe de un caso
. Ginecologia y Obstetricia de Mexico. 1981;48:55-8.
Benadiba L..
Nymphoplastie (labiaplastie): Chirurgie reparatrice ou esthetique? Indications, techniques, resultats, complications
. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthetique. 2010;55:147-52.
Berer M.
Labial reduction for non-therapeutic reasons vs. female genital mutilation: Contradictions in law and practice in Britain
. Reproductive Health Matters. 2010;18(35):106-110.
Bizik M, Kojovic V, Majstorovic M, et als. Abstract:
Functional and esthetic reduction of hypertrophied labia minora
. European Urology Suppments. 2009;8:607-8.
Bizik M, Kojovic V, Majstorovic M, et als. Poster abstract:
A versatile labia minora skin flap in severe vesicovaginal fistula repair
. Urology. 2010;76:S19-20.
Bramwell R, Morland C, Garden AS.
Expectations and experience of labial reduction: A qualitative study
. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007;114:1493-9.
Six-patient retrospective psychological study.
Capraro V.
Congenital anomalies
. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1971;14(4):988-1012.
Cao YJ, Li FY, Li SK, et als.
A modified method of labia minora reduction: The de-epithelialised reduction of the central and posterior labia minora
. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 2012:65:1096-1102. Mayer HF.
Letter
. 2013;66(1)147-8.
Cayrac M, Rouzier R.
Traitement de l'hypertrophie des petites levres. Evaluation de la nymphoplastie de reduction par resection longitudinale
. Gynecologie Obstetrique & Fertilite. 2012;40:561-5.
Chavis WM, LaFerla JJ, Niccolini R.
Plastic repair of elongated labia minora: A case report
. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 1989;34:373-5.
Prescient commentary on cosmetic vs functional considerations and negative, dismissive attitudes amongst physicians.
Choi HY, Kim KT.
A new method for aesthetic reduction of labia minora (the deepitheilialized reduction labioplasty)
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000;105:419-22.
A 6-patient study of the window technique.
Laub DR.
Discussion
. 105:423-4.
Crouch NS, Deans R, Michala L, et als.
Clinical characteristics of well women seeking labial reduction surgery: A prospective study
. British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2011;118:1507-10.
Counseller VS, Black BM.
Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck: Report of seventeen cases
. Annals of Surgery. 1941;113:625-30.
Deffieux X, Leonard F, Fernandez H.
Nymphoplastie de reduction: Note technique
. Journal de Ginecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction. 2010;39:679-81.
De Giorgi V, Salvini C, Mannone F, et als.
Reconstruction of the vulvar labia minora with a wedge resection
. Dermatologic Surgery. 2004;30:1583-6.
DiSaia JP.
An unusual staged labial rejuvenation
. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008;5:1263-7.
Case report of staged labia majoraplasty reduction followed by labia minoraplasty six weeks later, includes letters to the editor, author reply.
Ellsworth WA, Rizvi M, Lypka M, et als.
Techniques for labia minora reduction: An algorithmic approach
. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2010;34:105-110.
Ellsworth W, Rizvi M, Smith B, et als. Letter:
Labia minora reduction: Guidelines for procedure choice
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2010;125:216e-17e.
A 12-patient study of three excision techniques.
Felicio Y.
Labial surgery
. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2007;27:322-8. Hunter JG. Letter:
Considerations in female external genital aesthetic surgery techniques
. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2008;28:106-7.
Fliegner JRH.
Vulval varicosities and labial reduction
. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology;1997;37:129-130.
Gelfand M.
Gross enlargement of the labia minora in an African female
. The Central African Journal of Medicine. 1973;19:101.
Ginger VAT, Cold CJ, Yang CC.
Structure and innervation of the labia minora: More than minor skin folds
. Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. 2011;17:180-3.
Histologic analysis of eight cadavers of unknown age presumed menopausal demonstrated many vascular and neural elements.
Giraldo F, Gonzalez C, de Haro F.
Central wedge nymphectomy with a 90-degree z-plasty for aesthetic reduction of the labia minora
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2004;113:1820-5.
A 15-patient study of the wedge technique.
Hanna MK, Nahai F.
Discussion
. 113:1826-7.
Goldstein AT, Romanzi LJ.
Z-plasty reductional labiaplasty
. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2007;4:550-3.
Gowen RM, Martin VL.
Labia minora reduction in an iron lung disabled woman
. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;71:488-9.
Heller DS, Kuye OO.
Recurrent hypertrophy of the labia minora: A hormonally related lesion possibly related to fibroepithelial stromal polyps of the vulva
. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 2011;15:69-70.
Heusse JL, Cousin-Verhoest S, Aillet S, et als.
Mise au point sur les techniques de nymphoplastie de reduction
. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthetique. 2009;54:126-34.
Hodgkinson DJ, Hait G.
Aesthetic vaginal labioplasty
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1984;74:414-6. Rubayi S.
Letter
. 1985;75:608.
Honore LH, O'Hara KE.
Benign enlargement of the labia minora: Report of two cases
. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1978;8(2):61-4.
Humphries D.
Unilateral vulval hypertrophy in competitive female cyclists
. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2002;36:463-4.
Jothilakshmi PK, Salvi NR, Hayden BE, et als.
Labial reduction in adolescent population - A case series study
. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2009;22:53-5.
Kato K, Kondo A, Gotoh M, et als.
Hypertrophy of labia minora in myelodysplastic women: Labioplasty to ease clean intermittent catheterization
. Urology. 1988;31:294-9.
Koning M, et als.
Female attitudes regarding labia minora appearance and reduction with consideration of media influence
. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2009;29:65-71.
Laufer MR, Galvin WJ III.
Labial hypertrophy: A new surgical approach
. Adolescent and Pediatric Gynecology. 1995;8:39-41.
First published report of wedge labiaplasty describes technique and excellent outcome in two cases.
Liao LM, Michala L, Creighton SM.
Labial surgery in well women: A review of the literature
. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2010;117:20-5.
Review of 40 articles from 1976-2009.
Gupta P, Mackenzie WE.
Letter
. 117:895-6.
Likes WM, Sideri M, Haefner H, et als.
Aesthetic practice of labial reduction
. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 2008;12:210-6.
Lynch A, Marulaiah M, Samarakkody U.
Case reports: Reduction labioplasty in adolescents
. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2008;21:147-9.
Maas SM, Hage JJ.
Functional and aesthetic labia minora reduction
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000;105:1453-6.
A 13-patient study of the running W technique.
Malinovsky L, Sommerova J, Martincik J.
Quantitative evaluation of sensory nerve endings in hypertrophy of labia minora pudendi in women
. Acta Anatomica. 1975;92:129-44.
Anatomic microscopic assessment from six cases of labiaplasty.
Mareko G, Othieno C, Kuria M, et als.
Body dysmorphic disorder: Case report
. East African Medical Journal. 2007;84:450-2.
Paarlberg KM, Weijenborg PTHM.
Request for operative reduction of the labia minora; a proposal for a practical guideline for gynecologists
. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2008;290:230-4.
Michala L, Koliantzaki S, Antsaklis A.
Personal view: Protruding labia minora: Abnormal or just uncool
? Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011;32:154-6.
Miklos JR, Moore RD.
Labiaplasty of the labia minora: Patients' indications for pursuing surgery
. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008;5:1492-5.
Miklos JR, Moore RD.
Simultaneous labia majora and minora reduction: A case report
. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 2011;18:378-80.
Mirzabeigi MN, Moore JH Jr, Mericli AF, et als.
Current trends in vaginal labioplasty: A survey of plastic surgeons
. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2012;68:125-34.
Mottura AA.
Labia majora hypertrophy
. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2009;33:859-63.
Munhoz AM, et als.
Aesthetic labia minora reduction with inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2006;118:1237-47.
A 21-patient study of the inferior wedge variant.
Selvaggi G.
Discussion
. 118:1248-50. Alter GJ.
Letter
. 120:358-60.
Muriaru D, et als. Letter:
Comparison of wedge versus straight-line reduction labioplasty
. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2010;125:1046-7.
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Mons Pubis
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Sex
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